Therefore the electronegativity is greatest at the top-right of the periodic table and decreases toward the bottom-left. Elements with high ionization energies have high electronegativities due to the strong pull exerted by the positive nucleus on the negative electrons. Electrons with low ionization energies have low electronegativities because their nuclei do not exert a strong attractive force on electrons. The colourless stones, when cut, resemble diamonds. Cubic zirconia (zirconium oxide) is a synthetic gemstone. The element was first discovered in this form, resulting in its name. Electronegativity is related with ionization energy and electron affinity. Zircon is a natural semi-precious gemstone found in a variety of colours. The most electronegative atom, fluorine, is assigned a value of 4.0, and values range down to cesium and francium which are the least electronegative at 0.7. The higher the associated electronegativity number, the more an element or compound attracts electrons towards it. In general, an atom’s electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract the electrons when the atom is part of a compound. A major development was the discovery that steel could be made highly resistant to corrosion and discoloration by adding metallic chromium to form. Chromium is a steely-grey, lustrous, hard and brittle metal 4 which takes a high polish, resists tarnishing, and has a high melting point. The electronegativity of Phosphorus is: χ = 2.19 Chromium Periodic Table Atomic Properties. For this purposes, a dimensionless quantity the Pauling scale, symbol χ, is the most commonly used. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards this atom.
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